Behavioral responses to pain in animals can vary based on which factors?

Behavioral responses to pain in animals are indeed influenced by a combination of factors, and choice that includes age, breed, and temperament covers several significant aspects.

Age plays a crucial role because younger animals may react differently to pain than older ones. For example, a puppy might display more exploratory behaviors or high energy as a response to pain, while an older animal may show signs of withdrawal or reduced activity.

Breed can also influence pain responses, as certain breeds may have inherent temperament traits that dictate how they handle discomfort or stress. For example, some breeds may be more stoic, showing fewer outward signs of pain, while others might be more expressive.

Temperament refers to the individual animal's personality and emotional state, which can greatly affect how it reacts to pain. A more anxious or fearful animal, regardless of age or breed, might react more intensely to pain compared to a calmer or more confident individual.

Considering these factors together provides a comprehensive understanding of how pain manifests behaviorally in animals. The other options either simplify the contributing factors or overlook critical elements that play a role in pain response.