Which of the following is commonly added to anesthetic protocols for horses to enhance the procedure?

Both xylazine and butorphanol are commonly utilized in anesthetic protocols for horses, but for different reasons.

Xylazine is an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that provides sedation, analgesia, and muscle relaxation, making it especially effective in calming animals during procedures and minimizing stress. Its rapid onset of action and reversibility (with yohimbine) further enhance its utility in veterinary anesthesia.

Butorphanol, an opioid, offers analgesic properties, helping to manage pain during and following surgical procedures. It provides good analgesia in horses and can also have mild sedative effects, making it a valuable addition to the anesthetic regimen.

Integrating both medications into anesthetic protocols allows for a balanced approach, promoting effective sedation and pain management, which are critical for enhancing both the safety and efficacy of anesthesia in horses. This combination improves the overall anesthetic experience, making it ideal for veterinarians handling equine patients.